http://journals.lww.com/transplantationdirect/Fulltext/2015/02000/An_Open_Letter_to_HHS_Secretary_Burwell_on.2.aspxAn Open Letter to HHS Secretary Burwell on Ethically Increasing Organ Donation
Correspondence: Francis L. Delmonico, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston MA 02114. (francis_delmonico@neob.org)
Transplantation Direct:
February 2015 - Volume 1 - Issue 1 - p 1–19
doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000509
Hon. Sylvia Mathews Burwell
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Washington, DC
Dear Madame Secretary:
In 1984, Congress passed the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA). That statute not only established the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network but also enshrined in law a principle that had guided the development of organ transplantation worldwide over the previous 30 years: organs from living and deceased donors are precious gifts, and should not be bought and sold as market commodities.
Remove the Obstacles to Donation
The growing demand for transplants currently exceeds the supply of donated organs. In the previous decade, a collaborative effort among the Department of Health and Human Services, organ procurement organizations, physicians, and community groups produced a 25% increase in the number of deceased donor organs. Yet, over the course of the past ten years in the United States, the number of kidney transplants (which account for more than two thirds of all transplants) made possible by living donors has declined by approximately by a thousand.
One major reason for this decline is that living donors in the United States incur on average more than U.S. $6000 in out-of-pocket costs. Potential donors may not be able to afford these expenses and may either be unaware of, or not meet the strict requirements for, programs that cover some but not all of donors' financial costs and losses.
If the United States wants to increase organ donation, we should begin by removing these financial disincentives. We are aware that some people have recently called on the President and Congress to repeal, or at least suspend, NOTA's prohibition on paying organ donors. However, when it looked at “Ways to Reduce the Kidney Shortage” (September 2, 2014), the New York Times rightly concluded that “there are lots of reforms that could be made without resorting to paying for kidneys.”
Appoint a New Task Force on Organ Donation and Transplantation
Thirty years ago, NOTA instructed your predecessor to establish a Task Force on Transplantation to address the then current issues and to recommend rules for the ethical procurement and distribution of organs. That body was charged to prepare “an assessment of public and private efforts to procure human organs for transplantation and an identification of factors that diminish the number of organs available for transplantation.” That task now needs to be revisited for organ donation and transplantation.
We know that these disincentives include a range of financial burdens, such as the costs of travel and lodging for medical evaluation and surgery, lost wages, and the expense of hiring a replacement to provide services to one's own dependents during the period of organ removal and recuperation. Concerns over safety also arise and can be addressed by lifelong follow-up for all living donors, with guaranteed provision of any donation-related medical care not fully covered by donors' own health insurance. Likewise, donors' families should be protected by the provision of insurance to cover disability or death that results from having been a donor. Discrimination against donors seeking to purchase their own insurance has been reported and must be outlawed.
HHS could charge your Task Force to develop pilot programs to test out means of removing the financial and other obstacles to organ donation. The objective should be to ensure that being an organ donor is a financially neutral act—one that neither enriches living donors or the families of deceased donors nor burdens them with costs they would not otherwise face. The task force can also address inefficiencies in current living donor programs and promulgate best practices.
Covering these costs will actually save Medicare and private insurers' money because kidney transplantation is not only better for patients than long-term dialysis but costs much less. Increasing the number of kidneys donated each year means more transplants and less spending on end-stage renal disease. Another way to lower spending and reduce the number of patients needing transplants would be to correct an anomaly of current regulations under which the antirejection drugs that recipients need to keep their transplanted kidney working are only covered for 3 years. When that funding ends, those who are unable to afford the immunosuppressive medications may lose their transplant and end up back on dialysis, hoping for another transplant.
Financial Incentives for Donation Would Violate Global Standards and Will Not Work
These are all matters that need urgent attention from a new Task Force. And they are all steps that would enjoy widespread support and would not contravene the law's prohibition on giving “valuable consideration” in exchange for an organ. In contrast, those who propose to begin pilot studies to provide financial benefits to incentivize organ donation are asking that you directly contravene principles against financially rewarding donors that were adopted, with strong American support, by the World Health Organization in 1991 and renewed in 2010. 1
The World Health Organization drew on decades of global experience which shows that paying for organs inevitably exploits the poor. Configuring financial benefits for donors, such as funds for college education or retirement, would not change the laws of economics, which apply in the United States just as in any other country. The people who are activated by such benefits would simply be engaging in a financial transaction, trading the commodity they have (a kidney) for a commodity they need (such as education, retirement funds, or perhaps something more immediate, such as a mortgage payment).
Given this experience, United Nations bodies and the Council of Europe (by legally binding instruments aimed at stopping organ trafficking) and medical professionals (such as in the Declaration of Istanbul) have consistently opposed financial incentives for organ donation, while encouraging the removal of disincentives. 2,3 Global experience has also shown that paid donation replaces unpaid organ donation rather than supplementing it.
We urge HHS to convene a Task Force on organ donation and transplantation that will develop new ways to increase voluntary, unpaid organ donation, through means such as removing the financial burdens that deter donors rather than by adopting measures that will inevitably lead to human organs being treated as commodities, both in the United States and around the world.
REFERENCES
1. World Health Assembly. Human organ and tissue transplantation . 21 May 2010.
http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63/A63_R22-en.pdf.
2. The Declaration of Istanbul.
http://multivu.prnewswire.com/mnr/transplantationsociety/33914/docs/33914-Declaration_of_Istanbul-Lancet.pdf.
3. Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs. 9 July 2014.
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jspRef=CM/Del/Dec(2014)1205/10.3&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=app10&Site=COE&BackColorInternet=DBDCF2&BackColorIntranet=FDC864&BackColorLogged=FDC864.
From the United States:
Francis L. Delmonico, MD
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital
Immediate Past-President, The Transplantation Society
Executive Director, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Gabriel M. Danovitch, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, John J. Kuiper Chair in Nephrology and Renal Transplantation & Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Co-Chair, Board of Councillors, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Alexander M. Capron, LLB
University Professor, Scott H. Bice Chair in Healthcare Law, Policy and Ethics, Professor of Law and Medicine & Co-Director, Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics, University of Southern California
Member, Executive Committee, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
George J. Annas, JD, MPH
William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor & Chair, Department of Health Law, Bioethics & Human Rights, Boston University School of Public Health, School of Medicine, and School of Law
Nancy L. Ascher, MD, PhD
Leon Goldman, MD Distinguished Professor & Chair, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco
President-elect, The Transplantation Society
Medhat Askar, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & Medical Director, Allogen Laboratories, Cleveland Clinic
Stephen T. Bartlett, MD
Peter Angelos Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine & Surgeon-in-Chief and Senior Vice President, University of Maryland Medical System
Tom L. Beauchamp, PhD
Professor of Philosophy & Senior Research Scholar, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University
Ron Ben-Ari, MD
Associate Dean, CME & Assistant Dean, Curriculum, Keck Medical School of USC
William M Bennett, MD
Medical Director, Legacy Transplant Services Portland, Oregon
Jeffrey S. Berns, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
President, National Kidney Foundation
Roland C. Blantz, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine Emeritus, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego
Joseph V. Bonventre, MD, PhD
Robert H. Ebert Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Director, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Mark Bradford
President, Jérôme Lejeune Foundation, Philadelphia, PA
Daniel C. Brennan, MD
Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Professor of Renal Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Debra A. Budiani-Saberi, PhD
Director, Coalition for Organ-Failure Solutions
Suphamai Bunnapradist, MD
Professor of Medicine Transplant nephrologist
Director of Clinical Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Daniel Callahan, PhD
President Emeritus, The Hasting Center
Arthur L. Caplan, PhD
Drs. William F and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor & Head, Division of Medical Ethics, New York University Langone Medical Center
Anil Chandraker, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Alfred K. Cheung, MD
Professor of Medicine, Chief of Division of Nephrology and Hypertension & Executive Director, Dialysis Program, University of Utah Hospital & Clinics
Michael J. Choi, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine & Clinical Director of Nephrology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine
President-Elect, National Kidney Foundation
Larry R. Churchill, PhD
Ann Geddes Stahlman Professor of Medical Ethics, Center for Biomedical Ethics & Society, Vanderbilt University
Ellen Wright Clayton, MD, JD
Craig-Weaver Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Law, Vanderbilt University
David J. Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center & Medical Director, Renal and Pancreatic Transplant Program, New York-Presbyterian Hospital
David Conti, MD
Chief, Section of Transplant Surgery, Albany Medical Center
Matthew Cooper, MD
Professor of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital & Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute
Director, National Kidney Foundation
A. Benedict Cosimi, MD
Distinguished Claude Welch Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School & Chief Emeritus of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital
Miriam Cotler, PhD
Professor Emerita, California State University, Northridge & Consultant, California Medical Association Council on Ethical Affairs
Norman Daniels, PhD
Mary B. Saltonstall Professor & Professor of Ethics and Population Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Connie L. Davis, MD, MHA
Chief Medical Officer, Skagit Regional Health, Seattle
Mary Amanda Dew, PhD
Professor of Psychiatry, Psychology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics,and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Medical Center
Sukru Emre, MD
Professor of Surgery (Transplant) and of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine
Robert Ettenger, MD
Distinguished Research Professor of Pediatrics, Emeritus, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & Division of Nephrology, Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA
Matthew J. Everly, PharmD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Director, Terasaki Foundation Laboratory
Katie Findley, MSW
Assistant Program Director, Coalition for Organ-Failure Solutions
Leon G. Fine, MB
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Professor, Department of Medicine, Chair, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Vice-Dean, Research and Graduate Research Education, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
Fredric Finkelstein, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
Joseph J. Fins, MD
Professor of Medicine, E. William Davis, Jr., M.D. Professor of Medical Ethics, Professor of Health Care Policy and Research & Chief, Division of Medical Ethics, Weill Cornell Medical College
Jay A. Fishman, M.D.
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Transplant Infectious Disease & Compromised Host Program
Alan R. Fleischman, MD
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College Of Medicine
Agnes B. Fogo, MD
John L. Shapiro Chair of Pathology, Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics & Director, Renal/EM, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Renee C. Fox, PhD
Annenberg Professor Emerita of the Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania
Leslie P. Francis, PhD, JD
Distinguished Professor of Law and Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Alfred C. Emery Professor of Law, Associate Dean for Faculty Research and Development & Director, Center for Law and Biomedical Sciences, S.J Quinney College of Law, University of Utah
William L. Freeman, MD, MPH
Program Director, Center for Health, Northwest Indian College, Lummi Reservation, Former Director of Research, Indian Health Service & Living, non-directed kidney donor
Willard Gaylin, MD
Co-Founder, The Hastings Center
Sommer E. Gentry, PhD
Associate Professor of Mathematics, United States Naval Academy
Research Associate, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Alexandra K. Glazier, JD, MPH
Vice President & General Counsel, New England Organ Bank
David A. Goldstein, MD
Director of Primary Care, Keck Medical Center of USC, Vice Chair for Clinical Affairs, Department of Medicine & Co-Director, USC Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics, University of Southern California
Samuel Gorovitz, PhD
Professor of Philosophy and former Dean of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University
Lawrence O. Gostin, JD
University Professor, Founding O'Neill Chair in Global Health Law, & Director, WHO Collaborating Center on Public Health Law & Human Rights, Georgetown Law
H Albin Gritsch, MD
Associate Professor of Urology & Surgical Director of Kidney Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Sundaram Hariharan, MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation and Transplant Nephrology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
William Harmon, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
Pediatric Nephrology & Past President, of the Physicians' Organization, Children’s Hospital Boston
Joe Heyman, MD
Chair, Associate Members, World Medical Association
Elisa A. Hurley, PhD
Executive Director, Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research
Bruce Jennings, MA
Director of Bioethics, Center for Humans and Nature
Michelle Josephson, MD
Professor of Medicine (Nephrology), Pritzker Schoof of Medicine & Medical Director, Kidney Transplantation, University of Chicago Medical Center
Steven Katznelson, MD
Medical Director, Kidney Transplant Program & Vice Chairman, Barry Levin Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center
Patricia A. King, JD
Carmack Waterhouse Professor of Law, Medicine, Ethics and Public Policy, Georgetown Law
Barbara Koenig, PhD
Professor of Medical Anthropology & Bioethics Dept. of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco
Alan Leichtman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan
Nathan Levin, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Founder, Renal Research Institute, LLC, New York City
Rabbi Stan Levy, Esq.
Spiritual Leader, Congregation B’nai Horin-Children of Freedom, Los Angeles
Mark S. Litwin, MD, MPH
Chair, Department of Urology, Professor of Urology and Health Policy & Management, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Alex John London, PhD
Professor of Philosophy & Director, Center for Ethics and Policy, Carnegie Mellon University
Joanne Lynn, MD
Altarum Institute, Washington, DC
David Magnus, PhD
Thomas A. Raffin Professor of Medicine and Biomedical Ethics, Professor of Pediatrics & Director, Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University
Didier Mandelbrot, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health & Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, UWHealth
Roslyn Bernstein Mannon, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Professor of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, School of Medicine & Director of Research, Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Wendy K. Mariner, JD, MPH, LLM
Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law, School of Public Health & Professor of Law, School of Law, Boston University
James F. Markmann MD, PhD
Claude E. Welch Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School & Chief, Division of Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Suzanne McGuire, RN
Living Donor Paired Exchange Senior Coordinator, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Dianne McKay, MD
Clinical Professor & Medical Director Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, Scripps Institute
Ravindra L Mehta, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine (Nephrology) & Vice Chair for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego
Robert A. Metzger, MD
Nephrologist, Florida Hospital Transplant Institute
Past-President, United Network for Organ Sharing
Steven H Miles, MD
Professor of Medicine & Maas Family Foundation Chair in Bioethics, University of Minnesota
Frances Miller, JD
Professor of Law Emerita, Boston University School of Law &Visiting Professor of Law, University of Hawaii at Manoa
J. Michael Millis, MD
Professor of Surgery Director, University of Chicago Transplant Center
Chief, Section of Transplantation Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery
Deonna Moore, PhD
Team Leader/Nurse Practitioner, Vanderbilt Kidney/Pancreas Transplant Program
Thomas H. Murray, PhD
President Emeritus, The Hastings Center & Chen Su Lan Centennial Professor, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
Douglas J. Norman, MD
Professor of Medicine &Director, Transplant Medicine and Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Transplantation, Oregon Health and Science University
Anil S. Paramesh, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Urology and Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine
& Director, Living Donor Transplant Program, Tulane Abdominal Transplant Institute
Stephen Pastan, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine & Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Programs, Emory University School of Medicine
Director and Transplant Taskforce Chair, National Kidney Foundation
Beth Piraino, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Immediate Past President, National Kidney Foundation
Elizabeth Anne Pomfret, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine
Chair, Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Diseases, Lahey Clinic
Thaddeus Mason Pope, JD, PhD
Director, Health Law Institute, Hamline University
Ruth Purtilo, PhD
Professor Emerita, MGH Institute for the Health Professions, Massachusetts General Hospital
Susan Quaggin, MD
Charles H. Mayo, M.D. Professor of Medicine, Director, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute & Chief, Division of Medicine-Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Joan Rachlin, JD
Executive Director Emerita, Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research
Elaine F. Reed, PhD
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & Director, UCLA Immunogenetics Center
Tom Rosenthal, MD
Chief Administrative Officer, UCLA Health, Ronald Reagan Medical Center
Lainie Friedman Ross, MD, PhD
Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Surgery, Carolyn and Matthew Bucksbaum Professor of Clinical Ethics & Associate Director, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago
David Roth, MD
William Way Anderson Professor of Nephrology & Medical Director, Renal Transplantation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami
David J. Rothman, PhD
Bernard Schoenberg Professor of Social Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons, &Professor of History, Columbia University
President, Institute on Medicine as a Profession
Sheila M. Rothman, PhD
Professor of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
Mark A. Rothstein, JD
Herbert F. Boehl Chair of Law and Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Dianne LaPointe Rudow, DNP
Associate Professor, Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine & Director, Zweig Family Center for Living Donation, Recanati/ Miller Transplant Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
David H. Sachs, MD
Paul S. Russell/Warner Lambert Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School & Scientific Director, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
William M. Sage, MD
James R. Dougherty Chair for Faculty Excellence, School of Law, The University of Texas at Austin
Minnie Sarwal, MD, DCH, PhD
Professor of Surgery, University of California San Francisco
John D. Scandling, MD
Professor of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine & Medical Director, Adult Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Stanford Health Care
Nancy Scheper-Hughes, PhD
Professor of Medical Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley
Detlef Schlondorff, MD
Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York
Dorry Segev, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery & Vice Chair for Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
Stuart Shankland, MD, MBA, FRCP
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington
Ronald Shapiro, MD
Professor of Surgery, Robert J. Corry Chair in Transplantation Surgery Associate Clinical Director,
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh
Kumar Sharma, MD
Professor of Medicine & Director, Translational Research in Kidney Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego
Bruce Skyer
Chief Executive Officer, National Kidney Foundation
Mildred Z. Solomon, EdD
Clinical Professor of Anaesthesia & Director, Felllowship Program in Medical Ethics, Harvard Medical School
President, The Hastings Center
Bonnie Steinbock, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, University at Albany/SUNY
Professor of Bioethics, Union Graduate College
Bob Steiner, MD
Professor of Medicine, Transplant Nephrology, University of California San Diego Medical Center
Terry B. Strom, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Director, The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Judith P. Swazey, PhD
Adjunct Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health
Jane C. Tan MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine & Interim Medical Director, Adult Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Stanford Health Care
Paul Terasaki, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center
Stefan G. Tullius, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School & Chief, Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital
Tushar Vachharajani, MD
Professor of Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine & Chief, Nephrology Section, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
Joseph Vassalotti, MD
Chief Medical Officer, National Kidney Foundation
Associate Clinical Professor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Jeffrey Veale, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA & Director of Kidney Exchange Program
Flavio Vincenti, MD
Professor of Medicine & Medical Director of Kidney Transplant Program, University of California San Francisco
Alan Jay Weisbard, JD
Professor Emeritus of Law, University of Wisconsin & Former Executive Director, New Jersey Bioethics Commission
Daniel Wikler, PhD
Mary B. Saltonstall Professor of Ethics and Population Health, Harvard School of Public Health
Paul Root Wolpe, PhD
Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Bioethics & Director, Center for Ethics, Emory University
Julie Yabu, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Nephrology), Kidney Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center
Harold Yang, MD, PhD
Medical Director, Central Pennsylvania Transplant Associates, Pinnacle Health, Harrisburg
Laurie Zoloth, PhD
A McCormick Professor '09 & Professor of Religious Studies, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, Feinberg College of Medicine, Northwestern University President, American Academy of Religion
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From the Organ Procurement Organizations of the US:
Charlie Alexander
CEO, The Living Legacy Foundation of Maryland
Lori Brigham
President & CEO, Washington Regional Transplant Community
Gordon Bowen
CEO, LifeBanc, Cleveland, Ohio
Tim Brown
President & CEO, Donor Network of Arizona
Jay Campbell
Executive Director, Wisconsin Donor Network
Kevin Cmunt
President/CEO, Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, Itasca, Illinois
Suzanne Conrad
CEO, Iowa Donor Network
Danielle Cornell
Executive Director, LifeQuest Organ Recovery Services, Gainesville, Florida
Antonio De Vera
Executive Director, LifeLink Puerto Rico
Wayne Dunlap
Executive Director, New Mexico Donor Services
Sue Dunn, MBA
President & CEO, Donor Alliance, Denver. Colorado
Joe Ferreira
President/CEO, Nevada Donor Network
Patrick Giordano
CEO, Texas Organ Sharing Alliance
Jill Grandas, RN
Corporate Executive Director, DCI Donor Services, Nashville, Tennessee
Susan Gunderson
CEO, LifeSource Organ Procurement Organization, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Kellie Hanner
President/CEO, Indiana Organ Procurement Organization
Kyle Herber
Executive Director, Nebraska Organ Recovery System
Kent Holloway
CEO, Lifeline of Ohio
Helen M. Irving
President & CEO, New York Organ Donor Network
Tim Jankiewicz
Vice President & Executive Director, LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, Virginia
Monica Johnson
Executive Director, Sierra Donor Services, Sacramento, California
Lloyd H. Jordan, Jr.
President/CEO, Carolina Donor Services
Rob Kochik
Executive Director, Finger Lakes Donor Recovery Network, Rochester, New York
Stephen A. Kula, PhD
President & CEO, Legacy of Life Hawai'i
Liz Lehr
Executive Director, LifeLink of Florida
Kathleen Lilly
Executive Director, LifeLink of Georgia
Richard S. Luskin
President and CEO, New England Organ Bank, Waltham, Massachusetts
Barry C. Massa
Executive Director, LifeCenter Organ Donor Network, Cincinnati, Ohio
Tom Mone, MS
CEO, OneLegacy Organ Procurement Agency & Founding Board Member, Living Donation California
Kevin A. Myer, MHSA
President & CEO, LifeGift, Houston, Texas
Howard Nathan
President and CEO, Gift of Life, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Patricia Niles
President/CEO, Southwest Transplant Alliance, Dallas, Texas
Kevin J. O’Connor
President & CEO, LifeCenter Northwest, Bellevue, Washington
Paul O’Flynn
Executive Director, Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates
Jeffrey P. Orlowski
President/CEO, LifeShare Transplant Donor Services of Oklahoma
Richard Pietroski
CEO, Gift of Life Michigan
Kelly Ranum
Executive Director, Louisiana Organ Procurement Agency
Joseph S. Roth
President & CEO, NJ Sharing Network
Deborah Savaria
CEO, LifeChoice Donor Services, Windsor, Connecticut
Michael S. Seely
Executive Director, Pacific Northwest Transplant Bank
Cindy Siljestrom
CEO, California Transplant Donor Network, Oakland, California
Mark J. Simon
President & CEO, Upstate New York Transplant Services
Lisa Stocks, RN
Executive Director, Lifesharing, San Diego, California
Kevin Stump
CEO, Mississippi Organ Recovery Agency
Michael Thibault, MBA
Executive Director, Center for Donation and Transplant, Albany, New York
Kim Van Frank, MBA
Executive Director, Mid-South Transplant Foundation, Cordova, Tennessee
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From the World Health Organization:
Jose R. Nuñez, MD, PhD
Medical Officer, Transplantation, Department of Service Delivery and Safety, World Health Organization-HQ, Geneva, Switzerland
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From the International Community:
Adeera Levin, MD
Professor of Medicine & Head, Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Executive Director, BC Provincial Renal Agency
President-elect, International Society of Nephrology
Co-Chair, Board of Councillors, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Beatriz Domínguez-Gil, MD
Medical Officer, Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT), Madrid, Spain
Member, Executive Committee, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Vivekanand Jha, MD, DM
Professor of Nephrology and James Martin Fellow, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Executive Director, The George Institute for Global Health, India
Member, Executive Committee, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Elmi Muller, MD
Head, Adult Transplantation Service, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Member, Executive Committee, Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
Omar Abboud, MD
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Mário Abbud-Filho, MD PhD
Professor of Medicine, Medical School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Ex-President, Brazilian Transplant Association
Taieb Ben Abdallah, MD
Charles-Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
Sadiq Abdulla, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Arabian Gulf University
Head of Transplant Services, Ministry of Health, Bahrain
Josefina Alberú, MD
Professor of Transplantation, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Senior Researcher in Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán
Richard D.M. Allen, MD
Professor of Transplantation Surgery, University of Sydney & Director, Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
Dr Mustafa Al-Mousawi
Chairman, Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait & Consultant Surgeon & Head, Kuwait Organ Procurement, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
President, Kuwait Transplant Society
Ibrahim Alnono, MD
Professor of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
Ali Abdul Kareem Al Obaidli, MD
Transplant Nephrologist & Chair, United Arab Emirates National Transplant Committee
Vice President, Middle East Society of Transplantation
Mona Al-Rukhaimi, MB
Professor of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, UAE & Consultant Physician, Nephrologist & Director, Alrukhaimi Polyclinic
President, Emirates Medical Association Nephrology Society
Manuel Muro Amador, MD, PhD
Co-Director of Regional Histocompatibility Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
Rafael López Andújar, MD, PhD
Head, Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Valencia, Spain
Petr Bachleda, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
President, Czech Transplant Society, Prague, Czechoslovakia
Alireza Bagheri MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Vice-Chairman, UNESCO International Bioethics Committee
M. A. Bakr, MD
Professor, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Ebun L. Bamgboye, MBBS,
Consultant Nephrologist, Clinical Director, St Nicholas Hospital Lagos, Nigeria
President, Nigerian Association of Nephrology & First Vice-President, Transplant Association of Nigeria
Marta Crespo Barrio, MD, PhD
Consultant Nephrologist, Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Nikola Biller-Andorno, MD, PhD
Director, Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Miguel Camacho Bonilla, MD
Department of Nephrology, Edgardo Rebagliati ESSALUD National Hospital, Lima, Peru President of Medical Association of Transplantation Coordinator – Peru
Michael A. Bos, MSoc.
Chair, Ethics Committee, Eurotransplant International Foundation, Netherlands
Behrooz Broumand, MD
Professor of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mirela Busic, MD
Regional Health Director for South Eastern Europe Health Network, Ministry of Health, Croatia
Paul Calleja
Charge Nurse and Transplant Coordinator, Renal Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
Alastair V. Campbell, PhD
Professor in Medical Ethics and Director, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
Josep M. Campistol, MD, PhD
Medical Director, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
President, Sociedad Catalana de Trasplantament
Marcelo Cantarovich, MD
Professor of Medicine & Associate Director, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, McGill University, Montreal
Daniel Casanova, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Chairman, European Board of Transplantation, UEMS
Jeremy Chapman, MD
Clinical Professor, University of Sydney, Director, Renal and Urology Units, Chairman, ABMDR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Past President, The Transplantation Society
Ricardo Correa-Rotter, MD
Secretary General, International Society of Nephrology
Head, Department of Nephrology, National Institute for Medical Science and Nutrition, Mexico
Alessandro Nanni Costa, MD
Director General, Italian National Transplant Centre, Rome, Italy
Emanuele Cozzi, MD, PhD
Director, Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
Marisa Crespo-Leiro, MD, PhD
Consultant Cardiologist, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
Alex Gutierrez-Dalmau, MD, PhD
Consultant Nephrologist, Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
Prof. Leonardo D. de Castro, PhD
Programme Director, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore
Chair, Philippine Health Research Ethics Board
Editor-in-Chief, Asian Bioethics Review
Javier Arias-Diaz, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid & Deputy Director, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
Ian Dittmer, MB, ChB
Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Auckland & Clinical Director, Auckland District Health Board Renal Service, New Zealand
Jim Eagan
Director, Organ Donation and Transplantation, Ireland
Mahmoud El-Meteini, MD
Professor and Director, Organ Transplant Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Chair, Ethical Committee for Organ Sharing and Transplant, Cairo, Egypt
Miran Epstein, MD, PhD, MA
Reader in Medical Ethics and Law, Queen Mary, University of London, England
Riadh A.S. Fadhil, MD
Professor of Urology and Transplant Surgery & Director of Qatar Organ Donation Center, Doha, Qatar
John Feehally, MD, MA, DM
Professor of Renal Medicine & Consultant Nephrologist, University Hospitals of Leicester, United Kingdom
Sergey Gautier, MD, PhD
Professor & Director, Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
Head Transplantologist, Russian Ministry of Health
President, Russian Transplantation Society
Mohammed Benghanem Gharbi, MD
Professor of Nephrology, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
Chair, ISN-Africa Regional Board
Past-President, Moroccan Society of Nephrology
Denis Glotz, MD
Professor of Nephrology & Head of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Paris V and Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Mario Goitia-Durán MD
Surgical Coordinator, Transplant Unit, Hospital Univalle Cochabamba, Bolivia
Jongwon Ha, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
President, Korea Organ Donation Agency
Paul Hardin, MD
Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
David Harris, MD, BS
Professor of Medicine, University of Sydney & Nephrologist, Westmead Hospital, Australia
Tomonori Hasegawa, MD, PhD
Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Domingo Hernández, MD, PhD
Head, Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
Christian Hiesse, MD
Professor of Nephrology, University Paris Ile de France Ouest & Nephrologist, Kidney Transplant Department, Hôpital Foch Suresnes, France
Refaat Kamel, MD
Professor of Surgery, Ain Shams University, Consultant, Hepato-Gastroenterology, Dar Al Fouad Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
Director, National Liver Transplant Program, Cairo, Egypt
Peter G. Kerr, MB, BS, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Nephrology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Günter Kirste, MD
Ebringen, Germany
Greg Knoll, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Ottawa
Past President, Canadian Society of Transplantation
Takaaki Kobayashi, MD
Professor, Transplant Immunology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
President, International Xenotransplantation Association
Julian J. Koplin PhD (Candidate)
Centre for Human Bioethics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Dirk R Kuypers, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Head, Laboratory of Nephrology, Catholic University Leuven & Head, Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
Jacob Lavee, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Director, Heart Transplantation Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Christophe Legendre, MD
Professor of Nephrology, Université Paris Descartes, France
Head, Adult Kidney Transplant Unit, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
Oscar Len, MD, PhD
Consultant, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain President, GESITRA (Group for Study of Infection in Transplantation), SEIMC (Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases)
Josep Lloveras, MD
Emeritus Chief, Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
Past President, Catalan Transplantation Society
Past Vice-President, The Transplantation Society
Marta Lopez-Fraga, PhD
Project Officer, Council of Europe Committee on Organ Donation and Transplantation
Marcos López Hoyos, MD, PhD
Head, Immunology Department & Director of Histocompatibility Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
Secretary, Sociedad Española de Trasplante, Spain
Susanne Lundin, PhD
Professor, Division of Ethnology, Department of Arts and Cultural Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
Stephen Lynch, MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Queensland & Chair of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Raul Mallaina, MD
Medical Inspector, Social Security, Government of Spain
Scientific Officer, Department of Biological Standardisation, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
Marti Manyalich, MD
President, Donation and Transplantation Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Dominique Martin, MBBS, BA, PhD
Lecturer in Health Ethics, Centre for Health Equity, University of Melbourne, Australia
Núria Masnou, MD
Intensive Care Physician & Donor Transplant Coordinator, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Maria Matamoros, MD
Director, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Center, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
Bruno Meiser, MD
Professor, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Munich & Director, Transplant Center Munich, Germany
President, Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, Netherlands
Enisa Mesic, MD
Nephrologist, Sef odjeljenja za hemodijalizu Klinika za interne bolesti, Tuzla, Bosnia
Farhat Moazam, MD, PhD
Professor & Chairperson, Center of Biomedical Ethics and Culture, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
Valentín Cuervas Mons, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
President, Sociedad Española de Trasplante
Jose Maria Morales, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
President, Sociedad Madrileña de Trasplante
S A. Anwar Naqvi, MD
Professor of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
Saraladevi Naicker, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
President, South African Renal Society
Gregorio T. Obrador, MD, MPH
Dean & Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
Philip O’Connell, MD
Clinical Professor in Medicine & Director, Transplant Medicine and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
President, The Transplantation Society
Gerhard Opelz, MD
Professor of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Past-President, The Transplantation Society
Ole Øyen MD, PhD
Consultant Transplant Surgeon, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
Benita Padilla, MD
Nephrologist, National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
Past President, Philippine Society of Nephrology
Luis M. Pallardó, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine & Head, Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Pesset, Valencia, Spain
Fernando Pardo, MD, PhD
Head, Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
President, Spanish Society of Liver Transplantation
Maiza Saavedra Pozo, MD
Chief, Transplant Unit, Hospital UNIVALLE and Hospital Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Past-President, Sociedad Boliviana de Trasplante de órganos y tejidos
G. V. Ramesh Prasad, MD
Professor, University of Toronto & Renal Transplant Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Milan Radovic, MD, PhD
Professor of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Head, Intensive Care Unit, Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Gurch Randhawa, PhD
Professor of Diversity in Public Health & Director, Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, England
Giuseppe Remuzzi, MD
Professor of Nephrology, Director, Department of Immunology and Clinical Transplantation & Director, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy
President, International Society of Nephrology
Maria Cristina Ribeiro de Castro, MD
Associate Professor of Nephrology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Past Councilor, The Transplantation Society & Past President, Brazilian Transplantation Society
S Adibul Hasan Rizvi, MD
Professor & Director, Sindh Institute and Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
Dolores Burgos Rodriguez, MD, PhD
Consultant Nephrologist, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, Spain
President, Andalusian Society for Organ and Tissue Transplantation
Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, MD
Profesor de Medicina y Jefe del Servicio de Nefrología, Universidad del Zulia & Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Venezuela
Antonio Roman, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine & Medical Coordinator, Lung Transplant Program, Neumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Carlos Jiménez Romero, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery & Head, Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Bassam Saeed, MD
Director, Pediatric Nephrology Training Program, Kidney Hospital, Damascus, Syria
President-Elect, Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation
Riyad Said, MD
Director, Renal Transplant Program, Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
Ángel Salvatierra, MD, PhD
Head, Thoracic and Lung Transplant Surgery, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
Daniel Serón MD, PhD
Head, Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Vice president, Sociedad Española de Trasplante
Mehmet Sukru Sever, MD
Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Istanbul School of Medicine, Turkey
Faissal A.M. Shaheen, MBBCh, DSM
Senior Consultant Physician & Director General, Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Founder & Director, Jeddah Kidney Center, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Sunil Shroff, MS, D.Urol
Professor of Urology & Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Medical College Hospital, Chennai, India
President, Nephrology, Urology & Transplantation Society/South Asian Association Regional Cooperation
Harjit Singh MBBS
Consultant Surgeon, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Hospital Selayang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
President, Malaysian Society of Transplantation
Margaret Somerville AM, AuA(Pharm), LLB(hons), DCL
Samuel Gale Professor of Law, Professor Faculty of Medicine & Founding Director, Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Goce Spasovski, MD
University Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Macedonia
Antoine G. Stephan, MD
Clinical Professor, of Nephrology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
Vice-President, National Organization for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation-Lebanon
Vasant Sumethkul, MD
Professor of Medicine & Chief of Kidney Transplant Unit, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Roberto Tanus, MD
Past President, Latin American and Caribbean Society of Transplantation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Annika Tibell, MD, PhD
Medical Director, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Gia Tomadze, MD
Professor of Surgery, Georgian Association of Transplantologists, Tbilisi, Georgia
Matthew Kwok-lung Tong, MBBS
Specialist in Nephrology, 813 Medical Center, Hong Kong, China
Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai, MD, PhD
Professor of Bioethics & Director, Center for Biomedical Ethics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Víctor Sánchez Turrión, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery & Head, Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
Treasurer, Sociedad Española de Trasplante
Kristof Van Assche, PhD, LLD
Postdoctoral Researcher (ethics and regulation of transplantation), Bioethics Institute, Ghent University, Belgium
A Vathsala, MD
Professor of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
President Elect, Asian Society of Transplantation
Lori J. West, MD, DPhil
Professor of Pediatrics, Surgery and Immunology, University of Alberta & Interim Director, Alberta Transplant Institute
Director, Canadian National Transplant Research Program
Chih-Wei Yang, MD
Professor, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Kimberly Young
Director, Donation and Transplantation, Canadian Blood Services
President, International Society for Organ Donation and Procurement
Victor Zota, MD
National Coordinator, National Transplant Agency, Chisinau, Romania
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From Red/Consejo Iberoamericano de Donación y Trasplante:
Rafael Matesanz, MD
President, Red/Consejo Iberoamericano de Donación y Trasplante
Director, Organización Nacional de Trasplantes, Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality, Madrid, Spain
Carlos Soratti, MD
Vice president, Red/Consejo Iberoamericano de Donación y Trasplante
President, Instituto Nacional Central Único Coordinador de Ablación e Implante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Eduardo Martín Escobar, MD
Secretary, Red/Consejo Iberoamericano de Donación y Trasplante
Medical Officer, Organización Nacional de Trasplantes, Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality, Madrid, Spain
Salvador Aburto Morales, MD
General Director, Centro Nacional de Trasplantes, México DF, Mexico
Diana Almeida Ubidia, MD
Executive Director, Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante, Ecuador
Milka Bengochea Montero, MD
Subdirector, Instituto Nacional de donación y Trasplante de Células y Tejidos, Montevideo, Uruguay
Elsa del Carmen Berríos, MD
President, Sociedad Iberoamericana de Coordinadores de Trasplantes
Ana Catarina Campos Bolotinha, MD
Advisor, National Transplant Coordination, Instituto Portugués do Sangue e Da Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
Cesar Jeremías Cuero Zambrano, MD
Director, Organización Panameña de Trasplantes, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
Antonio Enamorado Casanova, MD
National Transplant Coordinator, Ministry of Public Health, La Habana, Cuba
Hugo A. Espinoza, MD
President, Instituto Nacional de Ablación y Trasplante, Asunción, Paraguay
Cesar Antonio Flower Peroné, MD
Executive Director, Organización Nacional de Donación y Trasplantes, Lima, Peru
Ruben Galeas, MD
Paediatric nephrologist & Secretary of Health, San Pedro de Sula, Honduras
Rudolf García-Gallont, MD
Surgical Head, Public Health Transplant Programs, General Hospital and Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala City
Advisor on Donation and Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Guatemala City
Eduardo Manrique Rodríguez Loza, MD
President, National Transplant Council, Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador
Fernando Raúl Morales Billini, MD
Director, Instituto Nacional de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Heder Murari Borba, MD
National Coordinator, National Transplant System, Brasilia DF, Brazil
José Navas, MD
President, Asociación Latinoamericana de Banco de Tejidos
Alejandro Niño Murcia, MD
President, Sociedad de Trasplante de América Latina y El Caribe
Silvia Marisol Paz Zambrana, MD
Responsible Person, Kidney Health Programme, Ministry of Health, La Paz, Bolivia
Maria Dolores Pérez-Rosales, MD
Advisor, Blood Services and Organ Transplants, Medicines and Health Technologies/Health Services and Systems, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC
José Luis Rojas, MD
National Transplant Coordinator, Ministry of Health, Santiago de Chile, Chile
María Angélica Salinas Nova, MD
Coordinator, Donation and Transplantation Network, National Institute of Health, Bogotá, Colombia
Roselyn Serrano Vargas, MD
Executive Technical Secretary, Donation and Transplantation, Ministry of Health, San José, Costa Rica
Topic: An Open Letter to HHS Secretary Burwell on Ethically Increasing Organ Donation (Read 3707 times)